Youll need to experiment with how long your fur-kid has to wait before getting out of the chair. In pet food, it is primarily used to help create the characteristic firm consistency of pat and loaf type wet foods. Dry dog food doesnt contain much water, but you can use plain water to moisten and soften the food. Gelatin is a source of collagen which is a protein that helps to support your dogs joints and skin health.Of course as with anything its important to feed your dog Knox gelatin in moderation. Eggs should be cooked before given to a dog. Also do you know anything about the corrective surgery that can be done because our vet hasn't had any experience with megaE dogs and doesn't know the advantages or disadvantages with the surgery. spiritual meaning of smelling vanilla; unlv volleyball coach; dyadic interpersonal communication model in nursing; polaris ranger 4 wheel drive switch not working By trying to keep the sodium amount as low as possible, your dog shouldnt be as thirsty as opposed to using high sodium content products or real meat sources which do have higher sodium. Biotin is known to support healthy hair and nails in humans and can do the same for your pup. she is hungry and looking for her food but is only managing a little each time. Agar is a natural hydrocolloid extracted from seaweed while carrageenan is a natural hydrocolloid used as a food additive in the food industry for their gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Remember, your dog cant voice their concerns to you, so while they might look OK on the outside, they could be experiencing some major digestive issues on the inside. Answer: I'm in the Deep South, so I've never had that problem. Many (5-6) small daily meals may be necessary, especially during the initial management of megaesophagus. Haines and her colleagues gave liquid Viagra to 10 dogs with megaesophagus. All Homes; Search; Contact Have you tried giving your dog pepcid a.c. it helps coat the stomach and reduce acid which reduces the dog from vomiting. Unfortunately, while its tasty treat for us, it is not recommended that dogs eat Jell-O as long as it contains excess sugars, artificial sweeteners, or sugar substitutes like xylitol. These blocks are designed to exercise your dogs muscles and keep him healthy. The aim of this website is to put dog people together with professional scientists conducting studies to improve our understanding of the health and behaviour of modern, 21st Century dogs. We met with a veterinarian who has a dog with megaesophagus, and he suggested we try a thinner consistency. Pour the liquid into a 13 x 9 dish and refrigerated it overnight. He can take the pudding consistency during the day, but needs more of a slush at night. Eggs are good for dogs as they provide an excellent source of fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and protein. Each time a pet eats food containing these substances, the antibodies react with the antigens, and symptoms occur. 1 cup boiling water 1 cup Knox unflavored gelatin 1/2 cup cold water 1/2 cup corn syrup 1 teaspoon vanilla extract. Can dogs eat Knox Blox that have been frozen? Can also add about cup of sugar just to make the blocks more palatable and to add some calories. It's really handy for dogs with megaesophagus. By trying to keep the sodium amount as low as possible, your dog shouldnt be as thirsty as opposed to using high sodium content products or real meat sources which do have higher sodium. Of course, you can get a lot of water into your pet with the dog food you use. It also means treating any conditions caused by the megaesophagus (like aspiration pneumonia). I really don't know what to do . Many Megaesophagus (ME) dogs (my Zoey included) cannot tolerate drinking from a bowl of water (or a lake, puddle, etc.) Answer: That position would probably be painful for him. Will Knox gelatin help my dog if they are already taking probiotics? 3. If your dog is exercising, such as at a dog park, offer water and hold the dog vertically for at least 5 minutes after drinking, and longer for a lot of water. Additionally, the blocks are easily sterilized after your dog has played with them. Knox Blox are available for purchase online and in pet stores. 1. 5. Are there any precautions to take when feeding Knox Blox to dogs? As a Mega E dog owner. It is generally produced as a byproduct of soap manufacture and it has found a wide range of applications in the food and cosmetic industries. The one my hubby built for Kayla has worked like a charm. 5. Dissolve those four envelopes in 1 C of room temp water and one cup of low-sodium chicken broth. They're almost 5 now and have never exhibited any signs of mega e. My 2 have been neutered, so they won't have any offspring. ingredients Units: US 3 (1/4 ounce) envelopes unflavored gelatin (Knox) 4 (3 ounce) boxes Jello gelatin (any flavor) 4 cups boiling water directions Put Jello and Knox gelatin into a bowl. Yes, dogs can eat unflavored, plain gelatin, like the one from Great Lakes Gelatin. We have just started feeding him hills precription diet I.D & hills Science diet Adult light biscuits soaked in water, morning & lunch don't give him biscuits at night just tinned food we also roll the tinned food into balls & hand feed him then put the water bowl in his bailey chair. What are some other things I can give my dog for their coat? I have a question, my dog was just diagnosed with megaesophagus as well and i was wondering what is the best way to feed him? When I say chair, she knows that means food, so she heads immediately for her trusty Bailey Chair. Obviously, I also have some hands-on experience. Yes Knox Blox can be given to puppies over the age of 4 months. Jelly is mostly sugar, and its high sugar content contains no nutritional value for dogs. 2 tablespoons of chicken/beef broth. If your dog doesnt have teeth, you still need to invest in a good toothbrush and doggy toothpaste. Will Knox gelatin help my dog if they are already taking vitamin E? Due to the weight loss, adding in an easily digestible supplement such as Miracle Vet liquid weight gainer will help add calories to your dogs diet and keep their weight up at a healthy level. It doesnt matter how your dog likes their eggs sunny side up, scrambled, or hard boiled as long as they are cooked. Dog safe food sources containing biotin are; turkey, liver, pork, blueberries and bananas. 9. My dog, Kayla, was diagnosed with it. Your very direct statement that elevated feeding just wont cut it was especially appreciated. What are the pros and cons of having a teacup Yorkie. As with other dog behaviors, there can be several reasons that lead dogs to lick or chew their paws. Can be substituted for a healthier dog treat with many more vitamins and nutrients. A liquid diet may also be prescribed by the veterinarian. Canned dog food already contains a good bit of water, and you can always mix it with more water. The most common foods to trigger an allergic response in dogs are animal proteins including chicken, beef, dairy, and eggs, says Tufts. Some puppies with congenital megaesophagus may outgrow the condition, and surgery may be possible for certain development abnormalities. [2] 4 Stir completely until the mixture is fully dissolved. drbj and sherry from south Florida on July 20, 2013: What a wonderful invention, Holle, that Bailey chair is. Your dogs gum health is directly related to her heart health and overall wellness. I'm sure that's not the healthiest thing for dogs, but it beats starvation. [3] 5 Pour into a pan. I always put food in a blender to make it easier to go down. Helps dogs maintain healthy skin and coats. Best of luck to you and your pooch! I solved this problem by making what some megaesophagus dog owners refer to as Knox Blocks or Knox Blox. Knox Gelatin is better used for small dogs than large dogs, as the amount needed for large dogs would require larger amounts of the gelatin and would be more costly, however can still be used for large dogs. Whatever you do, dont give up until youve tried everything! Jello itself is not a good choice because of the artificial sweeteners in it, like xylitol, that can be toxic to pups. Your dog will love this tasty treat. What are the side effects of giving dogs Knox gelatin? Just put 12 cups of water in a pot with a chicken carcass (remove most of the meat) and bring it to a boil. Dogs require regular exercise to stay healthy, and thats especially true for large breeds. Generally speaking, any peanut butter that doesnt contain xylitol (or chocolate) should be fine for a dog. Last Updated: January 21, 2022 If you are feeding an AAFCO-approved diet then it may be less of a problem with the diet and more of a problem with your pet properly absorbing the nutrients during the digestion process. I just cant say enough good things about Bailey Chairs! It also has a sweet taste which makes any foods it is added to more appealing to dogs. Does the pup have myasthenia gravis or a thyroid problem? wikiHow is a wiki, similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. Didn't have a clue before I read your hub what a Bailey chair was. Pour into 9x13 inch pan. Water is a key ingredient in Knox Blox, as it hardens to the right consistency. Your dog will love these treats, and they will keep him full. Knox Blox Recipes (from ME owners who use these. You will want to make sure that this new food is made right and according to the same methods as your other food. Yes, dogs can eat peanut butter as long as it is fed in moderation and does not contain xylitol, so get out that pet-safe peanut butter jar and share the good news. Question: When regurgitation occurs after feeding, what should we do next? How much xylitol is poisonous to a dog? Thank you again for saving her. LIGHT & LUSCIOUS. There are 7 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. Ryans blog about his ME dog Sidney using Knox Blox to stay hydrated. Cut the mixture into dice-size cubes, 6 C boiling water If she found any, shed greedily lap it up. Slice the firm gelatin into pieces (squares of a swallowable size per your pup) Knox Rapid Access System provides non-destructive emergency access to commercial and residential properties. When she first came home, she was extremely thin and had no milk whatsoever. wikiHow is a wiki, similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Essentially, Knox blocks are water Jell-O and there are many recipes out there you can try making and using for your dog. Gelatin, Rosehip, MSM and Kelp are four natural supplements for dogs which have a range of benefits and preventative qualities. She died from bloat. Is microcrystalline cellulose bad for dogs? Megaesophagus can make it difficult for a dog to swallow and can be life-threatening if not treated. And if so what are the best types? Refrigerate until solid approximately 3 hours Question: Do you give your dog treats? 3 cups of boiling liquid (You can use more broth here, combined with water, or just more water), Pour a cup of cold broth into a 9 x 11 or 9 x 13 baking pan As many have mentioned, thanks so very much for sharing your trials and tribulations in working with canine MG. Add about 1/4 cup of sugar to make the blocks more palatable and to add some calories. While she was in the veterinary hospital for more than a week, we bottle-fed the puppies. With this method, depending on the dog and on the food being fed, feeding and wait time can take anywhere from a few minutes to an hour. Those make your dog want even more water, so find low or no sodium content products. It is made of collagen, which comes from meat bones, and is essentially pure protein. Kayla loves her Knox Blocks! Dr. There isnt anything in sweetened condensed milk that is toxic. However, since it is full of sugar, she added, I would expect you might see some diarrhea because of the sugar concentration. Sometimes there are non-genetic causes to the hanging tongue. Some dogs with megaesophagus will also suffer from something known as aspiration pneumonia. Add Knox packets to chicken broth Easy powder can be added to water to make it easier for those dogs to drink. Knox Blox Recipes (from ME owners who use these: Ive experimented with cooking for him and all kinds of food , but this food has worked the best for his Megaesophagus . If you feed your dog yogurt, it should be plain and free of any added sweeteners, both natural and artificial. Restaurant or fast food fries can be hazardous to dogs because of their exceptionally high salt content. EASY FRUIT GLAZE. Store, covered in the refrigerator. Megaoesophagus in dogs may occur when there is a physical obstruction, such as in puppies with an abnormal development of the vessels in the chest leading to a vascular ring anomaly, with lumps within the chest cavity or with strictures. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. The vet was feeding Kayla small meatballs of wet and dry dog foods. Everyone needs to learn how to play with these blocks!. Question: We live in an area that gets a lot of snow. Yvonne Stewart. As with any treat it is important to feed Knox Blox in moderation. Are there any precautions to take when feeding Knox Blox to dogs? Pour into a glass dish or pan. In fact, this unflavored, plain gelatin is actually good for your pets skin and joints. If there is anything else we could try to get him to stop spewing & reverse sneezes all together would love to hear from you. this problem could be solved by doing what some owners of dogs with megaesophagus refer to as knox blocks or knox blox. Some other things you can give your dog for joint health include glucosamine supplements omega-3 fatty acids and chondroitin supplements. Even when you add water to dog foods, your dog might not begetting its hydration requirements. Clomipramine (Clomicalm) Dexmedetomidine (Sileo) Diazepam (Valium) Fluoxetine (Reconcile or Prozac) Lorazepam (Ativan). I feed it to him with a spoon in his chair , its an incredible food all natural , is frozen so it just has to be defrosted prior to feeding. When firm, (4 to 5 hours) cut into 5/5 (15) Only the very first section is somewhat vertical, so gravity doesnt help much when using elevated bowls. Are Cucumbers Safe for Dogs? Please let us know how it goes! French fries are high in salt, fat, and carbs, which can lead to canine weight gain. Now he weighs around 55 lbs. What is the nutritional value of Knox Blox for dogs? It id amazing how much this pro/ travel pillow has helped. Pour into ice cube trays, moulds or a glass baking pan. Have you tried using critical care canned food? Stir until gelatin is completely dissolved.2) Add cold water corn syrup and vanilla extract. They can be hard on dogs with sensitive stomachs. To make Knox blox for dogs you will need:1/2 cup Knox gelatin1/2 cup boiling water1/2 cup cold water1/4 cup corn syrup1/2 teaspoon vanilla extractDirections:1) In a medium bowl combine Knox gelatin and boiling water. 1. I am currently soaking his prescription kibble in water and puree in in the blender. COCONUT ALMOND MOUSSE WITH RASPBERRY SAUCE. If it's an indoor pet, maybe you could let him go out only when leashed when snow is on the ground. Yes dogs can eat Knox Blox that have been frozen. Great Lakes Gelatin can be fed to all sizes of dogs, and this is the brand I recommend most. Gelatine powder: Mix powdered gelatin with any liquid before adding it to food. Living with megaesophagus is no picnic, but once you discover the right hydration methods and dog food for your canine companion, your largest hurdle will be behind you. Dogs with congenital forms of the condition should not be bred as it may be passed to their offspring. If he's not too heavy, perhaps one person could hold him upright while the other person fed/watered him. Sorry about your puppy. Holle Abee (author) from Georgia on March 23, 2018: Hi, Lynn. Stir in three cups of boiling water. I feed her royal canine puppy mousse 5 times a day however I was wondering if I could grind her dry food and add it into her puppy mousse to be a bit more sustainable. I thought I was going to have to put her down since she could not go on losing all her food in less than 2 minutes after eating. One of the most common gelatinous foods is jello, and while its a tasty treat for you with lots of benefits, its a dangerous game to gift some to your dog. Recipe 4: This chemical plays an important role in bonding and boosts feelings of love and trust. Please be patient with your dogthis isnt easy for them, either. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Dry dog food doesnt contain much water, but you can use plain water to moisten and soften the food. However, most dogs dont like the taste of citrus fruit and avoid these fruits on their own. Smart water (has electrolytes and no sodium) - grocery. Is there anything I should avoid giving my dog with Knox gelatin? (Shes a Great Dane, so your dog probably wont need as much food.) I have been feeding my goldendoodle peyton primal . Honey is a pretty good and safe option to make your Knocks Blocks more palatable. Yes Knox gelatin can help improve the effectiveness of vitamin E supplements your dog is already taking. Ask your vet if critical care canned food would be appropriate. After she takes her last swallow, we set the kitchen timer and wait with her. Also, sometimes puppies that are born with the condition grow out of it. I also thought of holding my dog upright but I have a golden retriever how often do you feed your dog ? With a little bit of effort and a lot of awareness, many pets with megaesophagus can go on to live many quality years. As a result, megaesophagus may persist, leading to episodes of aspiration pneumonia. You can also change the Knox blocks recipe for dogs if you dont like the taste or texture. How many grams does a box of Knox gelatin yield? They are also a good source of protein and can help dogs maintain a healthy weight. This makes it easy to clean up any accident your dog may cause. After all Knox gelatin is made from animal bones and connective tissue so it's understandable to be concerned about feeding it to your pup.Fortunately Knox gelatin is safe for dogs to consume in moderation. Quick Answer: Is Knox Gelatin Safe For Dogs, Quick Answer: How To Make Knox Blocks For Dogs, Quick Answer: Is There Gelatin In Hot Dogs, Question: Are Gelatin Capsules Good For Dogs. He also wears a pro/ travel pillow all day everyday day except for when he is in the chair or going out side to the toilet. The best way to feed Knox Blox to dogs is to cut them into small pieces and offer them as a treat. Kayla has been using the Bailey Chair and is always eager to get in it because food is involved, but once she eats, shes ready to get out. Any comments or suggestions. What are some other things I can give my dog for joint health? Playing with these blocks also teaches your dog how to be a good pet and strengthens his bond with you. Agar-agar appears to be a viable solution to gelling in a canned pet food application. my dog has mild hip dyslexia so i'm wondering if a bailey chair would be any comfort at all. I tried all kinds of wet food, wet puppy kibble, the chair, and antibiotics. Yes Knox gelatin can help improve the effectiveness of digestive enzymes your dog is already taking. You can make them in whatever way you like or use them as an ingredient when making your dog food. They are high in protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and fatty acids that help support your dog inside and out. Surely don't want to waste anything, so if you have any recipes for that, I would so much appreciate itThanks. directions Heat the Four Cups of Water Until Boiling. It may seem like the Knox blocks dont have much nutrition, but its a great way to supplement a low-calorie diet with all the vitamins and nutrients your dog needs! To create this article, 12 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. Yes, dogs can eat unflavored, plain gelatin, like the one from Great Lakes Gelatin. 1 C cold low-sodium chicken broth Will Knox gelatin help my dog if they are already taking omega-3 fatty acids? That was 3 months ago. Add 1/2 cup cold water and stir until the gelatin is dissolved. Ive read that some owners sweeten the blocks with honey or white Karo syrup, but regular sugar seems to be working fine for us. Every dog and every breed needs a well-balanced meal, with healthy fats, protein, and carbohydrates to thrive. he is still in the hospital under care of nurses and the dr but i just wanna be more prepared when he is ready to come back home. Step 4: Serve food to your dog. . In fact, mutual staring between humans and dogs releases oxytocin, known as the love hormone. I wanted to thank you for your website and the food you recomended. Quick Answer: How To Use Stacking Blocks For Dogs, Question: How To Make Ice Blocks For Dogs, Question: Will Dogs Go Potty On Concrete Blocks, Quick Answer: How Long Do Fish Feeding Blocks Last. You can experiment with less water to make them more solid or more water to make them more slippery if needed. We planned to continue bottle-feeding puppies even after Kayla came home because we believed that getting enough nutrients and calories for her own survival would be difficult in addition to having to produce enough milk. because the water collects in the pouches of their esophagus and quickly causes regurgitation. Have fun with this recipe and make sure to let us know how you like it! My German Shepard, Josie, was diagnosed at 6 weeks. Instead it is considered a combination disorder in which the esophagus (the tube that carries food and liquid between the mouth and stomach) dilates (gets larger) and loses motility (its ability to move food into the stomach). Can I cut the shapes the night before and if so, can I just stack them on top of each other in some Tupperware? This test is often performed as part of the workup for atopy (a skin manifestation of inhalant allergy) in dogs. 4. Add water and stir until dissolved. Megaesophagus is a heritable disease in miniature schnauzers and wire-haired fox terriers, Newfoundlands, German shepherds, Great Danes, Labrador retrievers, Irish setters, shar-peis and greyhounds are also predisposed. Cucumbers only contain about 8 calories per one-half cup of slices, compared to the 40 calories in a single medium biscuit, and are very low in sodium and fat. Second, if it doesn't contain sugar, it most likely contains xylitol, which is toxic to dogs. Most owners do not have a suitable bath for 2-month-old puppies. Some other things you can give your dog for their coat include omega-3 fatty acids fish oil supplements and vitamin E. Yes Knox gelatin can help improve the effectiveness of joint supplements your dog is already taking. Although each dog has different requirements, this might just work for you. Home Miscellaneous Quick Answer: How To Make Knox Blocks For Dogs. These plastic blocks are great for building your pets confidence, intelligence, and physical health. References. 3. knox blox for dogs. 2. Plus, theyre ideal for giving away as party favors or rewards for good behavior. How To Feed Your Dog Eggs. Of course, it depends on the amount and types of chemicals in the pool. I try hard to prevent it, but he has been doing it for over a year. A RAST test, or radioallergosorbent test, is a blood test that can be used to determine whether a dog is allergic to certain antigens. You can make them with your dogs favorite treats. Pour cup of hot water over the gelatin and whisk until dissolved. I did build him a Bailys chair and it seems to work at first but about an hour later he throws up what we fed him up. First, Knox unflavored gelatin does not contain any sugar or xylitol. I gave her Knox blocks but she only wanted that for one day. Pour the liquid into a 13 x 9-inch dish and refrigerated it overnight. That might help him keep it down. Megaesophagus is not a single disease. Your dog will even learn how to handle toys, off leash, when he plays with these blocks!. Store, covered in the refrigerator. Yes Knox gelatin can help improve the effectiveness of fish oil supplements your dog is already taking. How To Make Knox Blocks For Dogs. In fact, cheese is often a great training tool, especially for puppies. Some owners also make the blocks with no-sodium chicken broth. What is the best way to feed Knox Blox to dogs? Lightly grease a baking pan. Start with 1 teaspoon for a 20 kg dog and gradually increase to 2 or 3 teaspoons. There is no cure for megaesophagus in dogs and cats. These dogs have functional tongues, but, because of genetics, the tongue may be too large for the oral cavity, an abnormal jaw bone doesnt support the tongue or missing teeth allows the tongue to slip out through the gap. That saved her life. Use four cups of water and four envelopes of unflavored Knox gelatin. Four cups of water and four envelopes of unflavored Knox gelatin. It also has a sweet taste which makes any foods it is added to more appealing to dogs. M t kch thc ca cng trnh chi tit nht c th (Chiu di, chiu rng, ci to hay lm mi, v tr u..), Contact | Terms and Conditions | Cookie Policy. Of her 4 puppies, my daughter kept one, the sire's owner got one, and I kept 2. Be sure he eats slowly. Dont worry if you dont live with a dog at the moment as some studies are open to all dog lovers and not just those who are current owners. I also recently discovered that it's not too difficult to make your own no-salt-added chicken broth. For extra calories, I even added sugar. (The sugar adds some extra calories.). Pour cup of hot water over the gelatin and whisk until dissolved. From canine-megaesophagus.com GUILT-FREE WHIPPED CREAM. Also experiment with the size of cubes that go down best.some dogs like big cubes they can chewothers like them the size of dice.still others do best with strips that just slide down. Although these concocted snacks used to be called Knox Blox up until a few years ago, you can make these wiggly snacks after following the directions in this article. Add gelatin and chicken broth to boiling water. She is down 3 lbs and we all work. These blocks make great rewards for dogs that are good pets- theyre ideal for rewarding a well-mannered pet with treats and toys. I could not lose hope and with your help she is still with my family. Most pets can do well with three daily feedings. The Knox Blocks Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to giving families peace of mind for their little ones by donating Owlet Smart Socks to infants and increasing awareness of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Do we immediately give him more food? Will look into making a Bailey Chair or maybe just avoid carpentry frustration and purchase a chair. Essentially, Knox blocks are water Jell-O and there are many recipes out there you can try making and using for your dog. 1. You can also use different fruits, cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese, etc. Knox Rapid Access System provides non-destructive emergency access to commercial and residential properties. DIRECTIONS Pour cup of cold water in a bowl, sprinkle with 1 Tbsp gelatin. Step 1: Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). It has all the necessary nutrients your dog needs and can be used as his daily meal. It also can act as a probiotic, which can be good for the digestive system. Kayla did okay on this, but she continued to regurgitate sometimes, even after being fed in an upright position. Essentially, Knox blocks are water Jell-O and there are many recipes out there you can try making and using for your dog. Through trial and error, we were finally able to find a food type and consistency that worked well for Kayla. 3 Add in the Knox Gelatine. Also, xylitol, an artificial sweetener found in jellies, is known to be toxic to dogs. Holle Abee (author) from Georgia on March 27, 2018: Kay, Kayla is no longer with us. What flavors of Knox Blox are available for dogs? However, most dogs dont like the taste of citrus fruit and avoid these fruits on their own. When he first got megaesophagus he weighed 89 lbs. Cook or boil eggs plain without oil, butter, salt, seasoning, spices, or other additives. Be sure to work with a licensed veterinarian to best manage your dogs health. Many (5-6) small daily meals may be necessary, especially during the initial management of megaesophagus. Knox Blox are a healthy low-fat treat for dogs. 1 scoop dry puppy milk replacer (e.g. Ive been experimenting with appropriate dog food types for dogs with megaesophagus. You saved my dog's life. She is now 6 months but only weighs 31 pounds. (Different megaesophagus dogs function better with different types of food and food consistencies.) Why Sweet Potatoes Are Good for Dogs. We also bought a little doggie trailer to pull behind the push bikes just to get him out of the house so he's not getting depressed as he was so active.
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